Aluminum
13
Al
Group
13
Period
3
Block
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
13
13
14
General Properties
Atomic Number
13
Atomic Weight
26.9815386
Mass Number
27
Category
Post-transition metals
Color
Silver
Radioactive
No
From the Latin word alumen, alum
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic
History
In 1761, Guyton de Morveau proposed the name alumine for the base in alum, and Antoine Lavoisier, in 1787, thought this to be the oxide of a still undiscovered metal.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 3
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Aluminum does not stick to magnets under normal conditions
Physical Properties
Phase
Solid
Density
2.698 g/cm3
Melting Point
933.47 K | 660.32 °C | 1220.58 °F
Boiling Point
2792.15 K | 2519 °C | 4566.2 °F
Heat of Fusion
10.7 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
293 kJ/mol
Specific Heat Capacity
0.897 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
8.1%
Abundance in Universe
0.005%
CAS Number
7429-90-5
PubChem CID Number
5359268
Atomic Properties
Atomic Radius
143 pm
Covalent Radius
121 pm
Electronegativity
1.61 (Pauling scale)
Ionization Potential
5.9858 eV
Atomic Volume
9.98 cm3/mol
Thermal Conductivity
2.37 W/cm·K
Oxidation States
1, 3
Applications
Aluminum is used in an extensive range of products from drinks cans to window frames and boats to aircraft.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
Aluminum is not known to be toxic
Isotopes
Stable Isotopes
27AlUnstable Isotopes
21Al, 22Al, 23Al, 24Al, 25Al, 26Al, 28Al, 29Al, 30Al, 31Al, 32Al, 33Al, 34Al, 35Al, 36Al, 37Al, 38Al, 39Al, 40Al, 41Al, 42Al